Hi there! I’m Nirdesh Singh Karki, the person who’s passionate about making engineering easier for you. I studied Civil Engineering, and now I’m on a mission to share what I know in a simple and fun way. I take all those big, complicated engineering ideas and turn them into something you can understand, like a … Read more
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Modes of transportation A. Primary modes 1. Land transportation a. Highways (Road ways) Merit: Demerit: b. Railway Merit: Demerit: 2. Air transportation Merit: Demerit: 3. Waterways Merit: Demerit: 4. Pipeline transportation Merit: Demerit: B. Secondary modes 1. Ropeways 2. Belt conveyors 3. Canal 1.3 Comparison between various modes of transportation Transport Accessibility … Read more
1. Describe Environmental Assessment with the necessity of Environmental assessment in the developing country like Nepal in briefly? Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the potential environmental impacts of a proposed development project. In developing countries like Nepal, EA is necessary to: 2. Nepal is poor country and EIA … Read more
1.1 Soil investigation and soil exploration Soil investigation: The process of collecting information about subsurface and taking sample to determine profile of natural soil deposits and engineering properties of soil. Soil exploration: The field and laboratory studies carried out for obtaining necessary information about sub soil characteristics including the position of ground water table. Objective … Read more
1.1 Purpose, importance and types of foundation Purpose / Importance: Types of foundation: A. Shallow foundation Types of shallow foundation: 1. Strip / Continuous footing 2. Spread / Isolated footing 3. Combined footing 4. Strap / Cantilever footing 5. Mat / Raft foundation B. Deep foundation Types of deep foundation: 1. Pile foundation 2. Pier … Read more
1.1 Element of lateral load resisting masonry system Elements of lateral load resisting masonry system are: 1.2 In – plane and out of plane behavior of masonry wall In – plane failure: Modes: a. Sliding shear: b. Shear failure: c. Bending failure: Out plane failure: Mode: a. Topping failure: b. Over turning failure: 1.3 Failure … Read more
1.1 Composition of masonry and different types masonry unit Merits: Demerits: Types of masonry unit: 1. Brick masonry: 2. Stone masonry: 3. Concrete block: 4. Glass block: 5. AAC (Autoclaved aerated concrete) block: Types of brick wall: a. Stretcher bond: b. Header bond: c. English bond: d. Flemish bond: e. Zigzag bond: 1.2 Types of … Read more
1.1 Various strength of concrete 1. Tensile strength: Tensile strength (Fct) = 0.35 (Fck)1/2 Where, Fck = Characteristics compressive strength 2. Compressive strength: 3. Shear strength: 4. Bond strength: 1.2 Compressive, tensile and bond strength tests Compressive strength tests: 1. Cube test: Compressive strength of concrete = Force at failure / Area 2. Cylinder test: … Read more
1.1 Light weight concrete Mixture made with light weight coarse aggregate such as shale, clay or silt giving low density. The density of light weight aggregate is less than 1200 kg/m3. Merits: Minimize the dead load of the building. Simple to handle which decrease the cost of transportation. Enhances workability. Thermal conductivity decreases. Stronger and … Read more
1.1 Deformation of hardened concrete moduli of elasticity Deformation of hardened concrete: Following strains are responsible for the deformation of concrete: a. Elastic strain: Instantaneous deformation that occurs when an external stress is first applied. b. Shrinkage strain: Deformation that occurs due to the loss of moisture from concrete. c. Creep strain: Deformation that occurs … Read more