1.2 Objective of QC/QA

• Compliance with standards: Ensure products meet established standard and specification.
• Defect prevention: Identify and rectify defects to improve products quality.
• Customer satisfaction: Deliver products meet customer expectation.
• Cost control: Minimize expenses.
• Risk mitigation: Reduce chances of project failure.

1.3 Factors affecting quality of construction

• Design
• Material selection
• Workmanship
• Weather condition
• Equipment condition
• Site management
• Regulations

1.4 Quality control technique

• Inspection: Detailed examination to identify defects.
• Testing: Evaluating products performance standards.
• Statical process control (SPC): Monitoring using data.
• Root cause analysis: Identifying underlying issues.
• Lean construction: Reducing waste to enhance quality.

1.5 Preparing QC plans

• Preparing QC plan: Developing plan to ensure quality standard are met.
• Approval of material source: Verifying supplies and source meet quality criteria.
• Material sampling: Collecting representative samples for testing.
• On-site laboratory testing: Testing material using an on site lab for immediate results.
• Off-site laboratory testing: Sending samples to external labs for in-depth analysis.

1.6 Material Management

• Material management involves planning, storing, distributing and controlling materials used in construction project to ensure efficient usage, minimize waste and meet project goal.

Importance:

• Minimize wastage
• Quality control
• Risk reduction
• Budget control
• Client satisfaction

Purchase management:

• Project of acquiring goods and services needed for a project.
• Ensure timely availability of required material.
• Establish relationship with reliable suppliers.

Inventory management:

• Involves tracking and controlling the stock of materials, components and product to ensure adequate supply while minimizing shortage.
• Prevent shortage.
• Maintain transparency.

Construction garbage:

• Waste generated during construction activities.
• Minimize environment impact through waste management.

Surplus material:

• Excess materials or left over after construction which may not be used for project.

Material management flow chart for mega project

Factors affecting construction site planning:

• Site condition: Terrain, soil type and environmental factors.
• Access: Availability of road and transportation.
• Utilities: Access of water, electricity.
• Safety: Measure of worker safety.
• Cost: Budget influence site design and layout.
• Project scope: Nature and size of construction project.
• Project schedule: Timeline and sequencing activities.

Sample of site layout plan:

Reference:

• Harold Kerzner (2017). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling.
• PMI (2021). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – 7th Edition.
• Nebosh, Nepal Engineering Council Syllabus (2024). Engineering Professional Practice Notes.
• Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM).
• Personal Class Notes & Presentations from Nepalese Engineering Institutions.

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