1.1 General layout of components in a typical power plant 1.Diversion weir: 2.Intake: 3.Gravel trap: 4.Settling basin: 5.Headrace canal: 6.Penstock: 7.Power house: 8.Tailrace: 1.2 Different type of intake Intake Function: Location of intake: Types of intake: 1. Runoff river intake: a.Side intake: b.Frontal intake: c.Drop intake or Bottom rock intake: 2.Reservoir intake: a.Dam intake: b.Tower … Read more
1.1 Definition and type of earth pressure Lateral earth pressure: Lateral earth pressure = K * over burden stress or, σh = K* σv or, σh = K* γZ where, K = Coefficient of lateral pressure Types of lateral earth pressure: 1. Earth pressure at rest 2. Active earth pressure 3. Passive earth pressure 1.2 … Read more
1.1 General layout of components in a typical storage power plant 1.Dam: 2. Reservoir: 3.Intake: 4.Spilway: 5.Tunnel: 6.Surge tank: 7. Penstock: 8. Power house: 9. Tailrace canal: 1.2 Dams and their appurtenant works Classification of dam: a.Based on function: 1.Storage dam: 2.Diversion dam: 3. Detention dam: 4. Debris dam: 5. Coffer dam: b.Based an material: … Read more
1.1 Gross, net, operating and design head Gross head: Net head: Operating head: Design head: 1.2 Plant and installed capacity Plant capacity: Installed capacity: Power (P) = η⋅ρ⋅g⋅H⋅Q Where, P = Power (Watts) η = Efficiency of the system (decimal form, typically 0.7–0.9) ρ = Density of water (≈1000 kg/m³) g = Acceleration due to … Read more
1.1 Hydropower project planning stages Hydropower project planning stages is divided into three main categories:- 1. Reconnaissance Objective: Major steps are:- 2. Prefeasibility Objective: Major steps are:- 3. Feasibility Objective: Major steps are: 1.2 Hydrological data processing a. Mass curve: Characteristics: Uses: b. Flow Duration Curve (FDC): Characteristics: Use: 1.3 Reservoir planning and regulation Reservoir: … Read more
1.1 Sources of energy and importance of hydropower Sources of energy: Importance of hydropower: 1.2 Hydropower development in Nepal Historical background: Main hydropower projects of Nepal:- S/N Hydropower Plant Capacity Construction Date 1. Pharping 500 KW 1911 AD 2. Sundarijal 900 KW 1935 AD 3. Phewa 100 KW !969 AD 4. Devighat 14 MW 1983 … Read more
1.1 Purpose, importance and types of foundation Types of foundation: A. Shallow foundation Types of shallow foundation: 1. Strip / Continuous footing 2. Spread / Isolated footing 3. Combined footing 4. Strap / Cantilever footing 5. Mat / Raft foundation B. Deep foundation Types of deep foundation: 1. Pile foundation 2. Pier foundation 3. Well … Read more
Hi there! I’m Er. Nirdesh Singh Karki, the person who’s passionate about making engineering easier for you. I studied Civil Engineering, and now I’m on a mission to share what I know in a simple and fun way. I take all those big, complicated engineering ideas and turn them into something you can understand, like … Read more
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Modes of transportation A. Primary modes 1. Land transportation a. Highways (Road ways) Merit: Demerit: b. Railway Merit: Demerit: 2. Air transportation Merit: Demerit: 3. Waterways Merit: Demerit: 4. Pipeline transportation Merit: Demerit: B. Secondary modes 1. Ropeways 2. Belt conveyors 3. Canal 1.3 Comparison between various modes of transportation Transport Accessibility … Read more
1. Describe Environmental Assessment with the necessity of Environmental assessment in the developing country like Nepal in briefly? Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the potential environmental impacts of a proposed development project. In developing countries like Nepal, EA is necessary to: 2. Nepal is poor country and EIA … Read more