1.1 Introduction to Specification Specification is the specific description of project which describe the nature and class of work, material to be used. Importance of specification: Purpose of specification: Writing specification: 1. Description of material 2. Workmanship 3. Tools 4. Work protection 5. Expression 6. Clauses of specification 1.2 Specification of RCC 1. Specification material: … Read more
1.1 Introduction Valuation is the technique of estimating or determining the fair price or value of a property such as building, factory, other engineering structure of various types of land etc. 1.2 Purpose of valuation 1.3 Terms used in valuation 1. Value and cost 2. Book value 3. Assessed value 4. Distressed value or forced … Read more
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose of Rate Analysis 1.3 Importance of Rate Analysis 1.4 Requirement of Rate Analysis 1.5 Factors affecting Rate Analysis References:
1.1 Approximate Estimates Types: a. Unit rate estimate: b. Plinth area estimate: c. Cubic rate estimate: 1.2 Detailed Estimate Factors to be considered for preparation of detail estimate: 1.3 Revised Estimate 1.4 Supplementary Estimate It is also a detailed estimate and is prepared when additional work is required to supplement the original work. 1.5 Annual … Read more
1.1 Introduction and Importance of Estimation Importance of Estimation: 1.2 System of Unit 1.3 Units of Measurement and Payment for items of work and Materials S/N Description of work Units of measurement Units of payment 1 Earthwork a E/W in excavation m^3 per m^3 b E/W in filling m^3 per m^3 c Surface … Read more