Shear Strength of Soils: Shear strength of soil is the resistance to deformation by continuous shear displacement of soil particles by the action of shear stresses. Shear stresses > Shear Strength, failure takes place Failure may be sinking of footing or movement of a wedge of soil behind a retaining wall forcing it to move … Read more
Properties of Building Materials Physical Properties: Identified by visual observation & Hand tools Chemical Properties: Identified based on the effect of different chemicals Thermal Properties: Effect of Heat Types of Building Materials Stone Stone is the naturally available construction material and is obtained from a quarry, process of extracting stones by excavating, wedging, heating & … Read more
Introduction The deformation of soil is a natural and physical phenomenon. Civil Engineering structures built on soils such as buildings, dams, bridges, roads, rails, etc. transmit load over a large area of soil through foundations or substructures. Soil tends to deform with the settlement or fail in shear. Therefore, the resistance to deformation of the … Read more
1.1 Clay Minerals: The geometrical arrangement of soil particle in a soil mass is known as soil structure. The ingredient necessary to give soil deposit cohesion is called clay material. Over 50% of soil deposits whose particle diameter is 0.002 mm or less is called clay. Clay mineral are composed of tiny crystalline substance of … Read more
1.1 Purpose of soil classification: Soil classification is the arrangement of soils into different groups such that the soil in a particular group have similar behavior. Requirement for soil classification It should have a limited number of groups. It should be based on engineering properties. It should be simple. 1.2 Field identification of soil 1. … Read more
1.1 Phase Diagram, basic definition & functional relationship Soil mass consists of solid soil particles containing void space between them. Space between the soil particles is known as void and these void is filled with either air or water or both. The diagrammatic representation of the different phases in a soil mass is called phase … Read more
1.1 Definition of soil and rock Soil are the uncemented aggregate of mineral and decayed organic matter containing liquid and gas in the empty space of solid particles. Types of soil : Residual soil: A soil is said to be residual if it is formed by disintegration of rocks without transportation. Transported soil: A soil … Read more