1.1 Introduction to Specification Specification is the specific description of project which describe the nature and class of work, material to be used. Importance of specification: Purpose of specification: Writing specification: 1. Description of material 2. Workmanship 3. Tools 4. Work protection 5. Expression 6. Clauses of specification 1.2 Specification of RCC 1. Specification material: … Read more
1.1 Introduction Valuation is the technique of estimating or determining the fair price or value of a property such as building, factory, other engineering structure of various types of land etc. 1.2 Purpose of valuation 1.3 Terms used in valuation 1. Value and cost 2. Book value 3. Assessed value 4. Distressed value or forced … Read more
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose of Rate Analysis 1.3 Importance of Rate Analysis 1.4 Requirement of Rate Analysis 1.5 Factors affecting Rate Analysis References:
1.1 Approximate Estimates Types: a. Unit rate estimate: b. Plinth area estimate: c. Cubic rate estimate: 1.2 Detailed Estimate Factors to be considered for preparation of detail estimate: 1.3 Revised Estimate 1.4 Supplementary Estimate It is also a detailed estimate and is prepared when additional work is required to supplement the original work. 1.5 Annual … Read more
1.1 Introduction Foundation soil improvement: Method of soil improvement: 1.2 Mechanical compaction Purpose: Equipment: 1. Smooth wheeled roller 2. Vibratory roller 3. Impact rammer 1.3 Preloading 1.4 Sand compaction pile and stone column Sand compaction pile: Stone column: 1.5 Soil stabilization by the use of admixture Types of admixture: 1. Soil cement admixture 2. Soil … Read more
1.1 Introduction, type and shape of well foundation Types of well foundation 1. Open well 2. Pneumatic caissons 3. Box caissons Shape of well foundation 1. Circular well 2. Doub D-well 3. Double octagonal well 4. Twin circular well 5. Rectangular wall 1.2 Component of well foundation 1.3 Depth of well foundation 1. Minimum grip … Read more
1.1 Definition and type of earth pressure Lateral earth pressure: Lateral earth pressure = K * over burden stress or, σh = K* σv or, σh = K* γZ where, K = Coefficient of lateral pressure Types of lateral earth pressure: 1. Earth pressure at rest 2. Active earth pressure 3. Passive earth pressure 1.2 … Read more