Er. Nirdesh Singh Karki

Planning & Conveyance and distribution systems in groundwater irrigation schemes: Conjunctive use of surface and ground water, components of tube-wells

by
Planning & Conveyance and distribution systems in groundwater irrigation schemes

1.1 Exploration and development of groundwater: Exploration of groundwater: Objective is to locate aquifier capable of yielding water of suitable quality, for irrigation, drinking water, agricultural and industrail purpose. Done by geophysical drilling. Methods: 1. Surface exploration: Geological method. Remote sensing. Surface geophysical method. 2. Sub- surface exploration: Test drilling. Geophysical logging. Aquifer: Aquifer is … Read more

River Control & Drainage and Hill Irrigation: Objective of river training and environmental protection measures

by
River Control & Drainage and Hill Irrigation

1.1 Effects of water logging and their control: An agricultural land is said to be water logged if productivity gets affected by high water table. Due to high water in root zone, oxygen gets removed and bacteria cannot get enough air to produce sufficient food for plant. Cause: Over irrigation. Seepage of water through canal. … Read more

Method of Irrigation and Planning & Management of Irrigation System: Hydraulics of irrigation distribution

by
Method of Irrigation and Planning & Management of Irrigation System

1.1 Different method of irrigation: 1. Free flooding: Ditches are excavated on field and water is allowed to flow across the field with no control mechanics. Suitable for irregular land. Inefficient method of irrigation.  2. Border flooding: Land is divided into a number of strips with the help of low levees. Each strip has 10 … Read more

Soil Moisture and Crop Relation: Command area of irrigation system-GCA,CCA and NCA

by

1.1 Climate- soil- water- crop (CSWC) relationship: Saturation capacity: Water content of soil when all pores are filled with water. Field capacity: Water content of soil after free drainage has taken place for sufficient period. Gravity water: Rainfall or irrigated water flow down to water table under gravity. Capillary water: Water held by surface tension … Read more

Design and Construction of Sewer: Hydraulic formula for sewer design and Types of sewer material

by

Design of sewer line means finding out the cross section of sewer and the slope at which it is to be laid to transport the estimated quantity of sewage. Unlike pressurized flow in water supply pipelines, top surface of sewage is in contact with atmosphere and the flow type is open channel flow. Important considerations … Read more

Introduction to Irrigation: Classification/types of irrigation system

by
Introduction to Irrigation

Water is the basis of life. All plants and animals require water throughout their lives. In Irrigation Engineering, we are concerned with requirement of water to the plants. Different plants required different quantity of water for their growth and development. Water is naturally available to the plants through rainfall or natural flood. During the times … Read more

Introduction to Sanitary Engineering: Historical development of waste water and solid waste management

by

Principle of sanitation Sanitary Engineering: It is the branch of public health engineering which deal with the prevention & maintenance of the health of individual & the community. Its studies methodical collection, conveyance, treatment & disposal of waste water to land or water bodies meeting the criteria of pollution load as prescribed by the national … Read more

Introduction to Clay Minerals: Clay Particle interaction and Soil Structure

by

1.1 Clay Minerals: The geometrical arrangement of soil particle in a soil mass is known as soil structure. The ingredient necessary to give soil deposit cohesion is called clay material. Over 50% of soil deposits whose particle diameter is 0.002 mm or less is called clay. Clay mineral are composed of tiny crystalline substance of … Read more

Soil Identification and it’s Classification: Particle size, Textural, ISCS, USCS, and AASHTHO soil classification system

by

1.1 Purpose of soil classification: Soil classification is the arrangement of soils into different groups such that the soil in a particular group have similar behavior. Requirement for soil classification It should have a limited number of groups. It should be based on engineering properties. It should be simple. 1.2 Field identification of soil 1. … Read more

Solid-Water-Air Relation and Index properties of soil and their determination for coarse and fine grained soil

by

1.1 Phase Diagram, basic definition & functional relationship Soil mass consists of solid soil particles containing void space between them. Space between the soil particles is known as void and these void is filled with either air or water or both. The diagrammatic representation of the different phases in a soil mass is called phase … Read more