Nirdesh Singh Karki

Cable Structures: Elements of Suspension Bridge, Equilibrium of Light Cable and Suspension Bridge with Three-Hinged Stiffening Girder

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Cable Cables are slender, flexible members made of a group of high-strength steel wires twisted together mechanically. Steel cables provide the simplest means for supporting loads. Steel cables, which are economically manufactured from high-strength steel wire, have an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 1862 MPa. The wires of cables are formed by drawing the alloyed … Read more

Statically Determinate Arches: Types of arches and Three-hinged arches with support at same and different level

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Statically Determinate Arches: Types of arches and Three-hinged arches with support at same and different level

Arches They are very rigid and stable structures which are not considerably affected by movement of their foundations. Arches can be used for large structures made up of materials with negligible tensile strength, such as stones and bricks. Masonry arches of such materials have been used for thousands of years. Types of Arches Arches may … Read more

Influence Line Diagrams for Simple Structures: Moving Loads and I.L.D Beam, Truss and Girder

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Moving static loads Structure which is used in bridges, gantry girders, crane beams etc. are subjected to loads which change their position often such loads are called moving static loads. Few standard loads are:  Single concentrated load U.D.L greater than the span U.D.L smaller than the span Two concentrated load with specified distance between them … Read more

Sampling and Estimation: Central limit theorem and its application and concept of point and interval estimation and confidence interval for population mean and proportion

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sampling and estimation

Population (Universe) Population means aggregate of all possible units under investigation. It need not be human population. It may be population of plants, population of insects, population of fruits, etc. Finite population When the number of observation can be counted and is definite, it is known as finite population. β€’ No. of plants in a … Read more

Trilateration and Triangulation: Electronic Distance Measurement and Satellite Stations and Inter-visibility of Triangulation Stations

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Introduction Triangulation and Trilateration is a horizontal control survey whose purpose is to determine the position of a number of control points or stations precisely. The basic framework of the control points are the triangles both in the triangulation and trilateration. Triangulation It is the method of providing control points by measuring all the angles … Read more

Solution of Partial Differential, Elliptical, Parabolic, Hyperbolic Equations and their relevant examples

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Many physical phenomena in applied science and engineering when formulated intomathematical models fall into a category of system known as partial differential equations. Apartial differential equation is a differential equation involving more than one in independentvariables.We can write a second order equation involving two independent variables in general form as : Where a,b,c may be … Read more

Solution of Ordinary Differential and Higher Order Equations: Overview of initial and boundary value problems & Taylor series, Euler, Huen’s and Runge-Kutta methods

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Differential equations Many of the laws in physics, chemistry, engineering, economics are based on empiricalobservations that describe changes in the state of the system. Mathematical models thatdescribe the state of such system are often expressed in terms of not only certain systemparameters but also their derivatives, such mathematical model which uses differentialcalculus to express relationship … Read more

Contouring and Its Method: Contour Interval, Interpolation, Characteristics and Uses of Contour Maps

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Basic definition in Contouring: A line joining points of equal elevations is called a contour line. It helps to visualize the relief of ground in two dimensional plane or map. The method of plotting contours in a plan or map is called conturing. A contour line marked by a heavier line weight to distinguish it … Read more

Solution of Linear Algebraic Equations: Matrices and their properties, Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods, Method of factorization, power, iterative

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Matrices and properties Importance of linear equations First mathematical models of many of the real world problems are either linear or can beapproximated reasonably well using linear relationships. Analysis of linear relationship of variablesis generally easier than that of non-linear relationships.A linear equation involving two variables x and y has the standard form π‘Žπ‘₯ + … Read more

Numerical Differentiation and Integration

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Introduction Let us consider a set of values (π‘₯𝑖, 𝑦𝑖) of a function. The process of computing the derivative orderivatives of that function at some values of x from the given set of values is called NumericalDifferentiation. This may be done by first approximating the function by suitable interpolationformula and then differentiating. Derivatives using Newton’s … Read more