1.1 Head work: Head work is constructed at the head of canal to divert the river water towards canal. Types: 1. Storage head work: Headwork capable of seasonal regulation of water. Dam is constructed to use during time of deficit. 2. Diversion headwork: Headwork can regulate water daily, weekly or monthly. Consist of weir or … Read more
1.1 Components of surface gravity irrigation system: 1. Head work: Consist of all the works to store, divert and control river water and regulate supplies into canal. 2. Canal network: a. Main canal: Large capacity canal which supplies water to branch canals and the major distributaries. b. Branch canal: Supply water to major and minor … Read more
1.1 Exploration and development of groundwater: Exploration of groundwater: Objective is to locate aquifier capable of yielding water of suitable quality, for irrigation, drinking water, agricultural and industrail purpose. Done by geophysical drilling. Methods: 1. Surface exploration: Geological method. Remote sensing. Surface geophysical method. 2. Sub- surface exploration: Test drilling. Geophysical logging. Aquifer: Aquifer is … Read more
1.1 Effects of water logging and their control: An agricultural land is said to be water logged if productivity gets affected by high water table. Due to high water in root zone, oxygen gets removed and bacteria cannot get enough air to produce sufficient food for plant. Cause: Over irrigation. Seepage of water through canal. … Read more
1.1 Different method of irrigation: 1. Free flooding: Ditches are excavated on field and water is allowed to flow across the field with no control mechanics. Suitable for irregular land. Inefficient method of irrigation. 2. Border flooding: Land is divided into a number of strips with the help of low levees. Each strip has 10 … Read more
1.1 Climate- soil- water- crop (CSWC) relationship: Saturation capacity: Water content of soil when all pores are filled with water. Field capacity: Water content of soil after free drainage has taken place for sufficient period. Gravity water: Rainfall or irrigated water flow down to water table under gravity. Capillary water: Water held by surface tension … Read more
Water is the basis of life. All plants and animals require water throughout their lives. In Irrigation Engineering, we are concerned with requirement of water to the plants. Different plants required different quantity of water for their growth and development. Water is naturally available to the plants through rainfall or natural flood. During the times … Read more