Paint is a fluid, paste or spray prepared by dissolving a base into a vehicle with or without pigment.
White Wash
Preparation of lime wash:
- Lime wash shall be prepared from pure fat lime. i.e., fresh stone white lime.
- The lime shall be thoroughly slaked with water on the spot and stirred to make thin cream (app. Add 1 kg of lime to the 5 Liters of water)
- Allowed to stand for a period of 24 hours and then s screened through a clean coarse cloth.
- For 10 Cubic decimeters of the cream, add 40 grams of gum.
- Indigo (Neel) up to 3 grams per kg of lime dissolved in water shall then be added and stirred well.
Preparation of surface:
– For new work; the surface shall be thoroughly brushed free from mortar droppings and foreign matter.
– For old work; all loose particles and scales shall be scrapped off and holes in plaster, as well as patches of less than 50 cm2 area, shall be filled up with mortar of the same mix.
– If any efflorescence is observed on the surfaces, the deposits should be brushed, clean, and washed.
– The surface shall then be allowed to dry for at least 48 hours before whitewashing is done.
Application:
- The whitewash shall be applied with moon brushes to the specified number of coats.
- The operation for each coat shall consist of a strike of the brush given from the top to downwards and another from the bottom to upwards, and similarly from left to right and right to left horizontally constitutes a coat.
- Wait until the previously applied coat is dried for the next coat.
- 3 or more coats for newly plastered surfaces for obtaining a smooth and uniform finish.
- For old work; after the surface has been prepared, a coat of whitewash shall be applied over the patches and repairs, then a single coat or two or more coats of whitewash as stipulated should be applied to present a uniform finish through which the plaster patches do not appear.
- No signs of cracking and peeling over the dried surface.
- The washing on the ceiling should be done prior to that on the walls.
Protection measures:
- Doors, windows, floors, articles of furniture, etc., and such other parts of the building not to be whitewashed, shall be protected from being splashed upon.
- Splashing and dropping, if any shall be removed by the contractor at his own cost and the surfaces cleaned.
- Damages if any to furniture and fixtures shall be recoverable from the contractor.
Distemper Work
Preparation of paint:
- The washable distemper powder shall be stirred slowly in clean water using 0.6 liters of water per kg of distemper or as specified by the manufacturer.
- Warm water is preferably be used.
- It shall be allowed to stand for at least 30 minutes (or if practicable overnight) before using.
- Frequently stirred and shaken before and during use to obtain even consistency.
- Only a sufficient quantity of Distemper shall be mixed for an actual one day’s work.
Preparation of surface:
- Surfaces should be thoroughly brushed or sandpapered smooth and made free from loose mortar and foreign particles before distempering.
- Pitting in plaster shall be made good with Plaster of Paris mixed with color to be used.
- The surface shall then be rubbed down again with fine grade sand/paper and made smooth.
- Single Coat distemper shall be applied initially over the patches.
Application:
- For new work, the treatment shall consist of a priming coat of whiting followed by the application of two or more coats of distemper till the surface shows an even color.
- Plastered surface/POP surface should be properly cleaned with hot water-based primer and rectification of defects in plaster/POP surface with broken edges shall be done by using a proper color putty paste as per manufacturer’s specifications.
- With proper distemper brushes in horizontal strokes followed by immediate vertical ones, known as one coat.
- The subsequent coats shall be applied only after the previous coat has dried.
- The finished surface shall be mixed to finish one room at a time.
- The application of a coat in each room shall be finished in a single operation & no work shall be started in any room, which cannot be completed on the same day.
- The brushes shall be washed with hot water and hung down to dry after completion of each day’s work. Old brushes should not be used. t be used.
Waterproof Cement Paint Work
Preparation of paint:
- Only fresh paint shall be used, hard or set paint shall not be used.
- The container, which must be stored in a dry place shall be made loose by rolling and shaking the container before opening
- Cement paint shall be mixed with water in two stages first by mixing 2 parts of paint with 2 parts of water by volume to have a uniform solution.
- Gradually add the cement paint to the water and not vice-versa.
- Further add 1 part of water to the mix and stirred properly to obtain workable, uniform, and consistent liquid as per the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Enough and minimum quantities of cement paint mixed to be used within 1 hour, otherwise it sets.
- The lids of cement paint shall be kept tightly closed when not in use, as by exposure to the atmosphere the cement paint rapidly becomes air set due to hygroscopic qualities.
Preparation of surfaces:
- Before the application of paints, all duct, and foreign materials shall be removed from the surface by use of a wire brush.
- All holes, cracks, and abrasions shall be filled with plaster of Paris, properly prepared and applied, and smoothed off to match adjoining surfaces.
- Any loose or uneven areas of any major cracks or defects in the concrete or plaster background shall be cut out and made good and the repairs allowed to dry thoroughly.
- Efflorescence if seen, removed by dry brushing.
Application:
- The freshly mixed paint shall be frequently stirred during application and no mixture (paint) shall be used after an hour. Of mixing
- A vertical stroke with another horizontal stroke comprises one coat.
- Paint solution shall be applied to the surface with a hairbrush/roller in a number of coats to get a uniform finish.
- After the first coat of the paint has hardened, it shall be cured with water at least 24 hours before the second coat is applied.
- Similarly, the required number of coats shall be given to get an even and uniform shade.
- Left and keep damp for 7 days.
- The final painted surface shall exhibit a uniform and good finish appearance.
Enamel Paint
Application of paint:
- The primer and paint shall be of approved quality and of approved manufacturers like Asian paints, Nerolac, Jensolin, Berger British Paints, Jhonson, and Nicholson or equivalent brand approved by the engineer.
- These materials shall be ready mixed and in sealed tins with the manufactures name, color and instruction clearly painted in the container.
Preparation of surfaces:
- All surfaces to be painted shall be planned and thoroughly sandpapered, first by using N0. 120 Sand Paper.
- Ordinary putting shall fill up nail’s holes, cracks, or other inequalities.
- Putting shall be made up of 2 parts of best quality whiting (absolutely DEAD STONE LIME), 1 part of white lead mixed together in linseed oil and kneaded (3 oz. of linseed oil to 1 lb. of whiting).
- A primer coat shall be locally applied before putty in holes, cracks, etc.
- The putty/paste fillers shall be of approved quality and shall be applied to the surfaces with a knife or other sharp-edged tools after the priming coat as well as after each undercoat.
- After the surface is dry, it shall be sandpapered by using No. 60 sandpaper.
- Surfaces so prepared shall be painted with one coat of primer. The primed surface when dry shall be sandpapered by using No. 100 Sandpaper.
- The primed surface so prepared shall be painted with one coat of selected enamel using a bristle brush. The paint shall be applied in the thinnest possible layers with parallel strokes.
- Care shall be taken to ensure the surfaces are free from dust and other foreign material before priming or enameling the surfaces.
- No paint shall splash on the floor, walls, jambs, sill, or other parts of buildings.
Application:
On Wood Work:
- After preparing and after the priming coat has been applied, the top coat shall be applied.
- The primed surface so prepared shall be painted with one coat of selected enamel using a bristle brush and not horse hair ones.
- The paint shall be applied in the thinnest possible layers with parallel drawings, no flowing down shall not be allowed.
- Spray Paintings for the false ceiling and acoustic materials such as thermo cole, perforated acoustic tile, soft board, etc.
- The engineer prior to commencement of work shall approve a sample of workmanship.
On Metal Surfaces:
- The paint shall be continuously stirred in the containers so that its consistency is kept uniform throughout.
- The painting shall be laid on smoothly by means of crossing and laying off.
- The crossing & laying off consists of covering the area with paints, brushing the surface hard for the first time, and then brushing alternatively in opposite directions, two or three times, and then finally brushing lightly in a direction at right angles to the same.
- The full process of crossing and laying off will constitute one coat and no brush marks shall be left after the laying off is finished.
- Paints used shall be brought to the required consistency by adding suitable thinner.
- Surface to be painted shall be clean, dry, smooth, and adequately protected from dampness.
- Each coat shall be applied in sufficient quantity to obtain complete coverages, shall be well brushed and evenly worked out over the entire surfaces and into all corners, angles, and cervices, and allowed to dry thoroughly.
- Second coat shall be a suitable shade to match the final color.
- Allow at least 48 hours of drying time between coats for interior and 7 days for exterior work.
- Finished surfaces shall be protected from dampness and dust until completely dry and shall be uniform, of approved color, smooth and free from defective brushing and clogging.
- Edges of paints adjoining other materials or colors shall be made sharp and clean without any overlapping.
(e) Chapra Polish
Preparation of Polish:
- The Chapra polish shall be made by mixing Chapra granules, thinner, and spirit.
- The chapra should completely dissolve in the spirit and the thinner should be used to obtain the required consistency.
Preparation of surfaces:
- Before application of Chapra polish, the timber surface shall be thoroughly sandpapered to obtain a smooth surface and all the dust shall be removed from the surface.
- A coat of primer of chalk powder mixed with resin or ready-made approved putty shall be applied and sandpapered to fill in the voids and joints.
Application:
- Over the primed surfaces, the Chapra polish of approved quality shall be applied with smooth cotton cloth with firm rubbing and spread evenly.
- Use good quality and perfectly clean cloth.
- Chapra wood finish shall be reapplied at least three times, after sand papering with fine sand paper to get the final finish and best result.