Concrete Technology: Cement, Aggregate, Water (W/C, Workability), Admixtures

Concrete Artificially built-up Stone with Cement, Water, Aggregates with or without Admixtures Constituents of Concrete: Aggregates = (60-70) % Water = (7- 15) % Cement = (14-21) % Air = (0 – 3) % Properties of Concrete: Air Content Fluidity Strength Setting Time Durability Types of Concrete: Based on Binding Materials Cement Concrete Lime Concrete … Read more

Building materials: Properties of Building Materials; Types of Building Materials:  Stones & Bricks

Properties of Building Materials Physical Properties: Identified by visual observation & Hand tools Chemical Properties: Identified based on the effect of different chemicals Thermal Properties: Effect of Heat Types of Building Materials Stone Stone is the naturally available construction material and is obtained from a quarry, process of extracting stones by excavating, wedging, heating & … Read more

Pre-fabrication: Principles of pre-fabrication, advantages, and disadvantages of pre-fabricated buildings

Pre-fabrication Pre-fabrication is the practice of assembling the components of a building other than the building sites, i.e., in the factory or a manufacturing site, and transporting either complete assemble or semi-assembled to the construction site where the structure is located. This method controls the construction cost by economizing the wages, time, and materials. The … Read more

Reinforced concrete structures: Working Stress Method & Limit State Method

RCC structures: limit State of Design

Reinforced concrete structures During the bending of simply supported structures, the upper portion is subjected to compressive stresses, while the lower portion is subjected to tensile stresses. The permissible tensile stress in concrete is about one-tenth of the permissible compressive stress, therefore the tensile stresses in the structure are taken care of by the steel. … Read more

Project management & marketing ; Network Model: CPM,PERT

Project Management Project management is the application of knowledge and skills along with experiences and associated with various processes and methods to achieve specific project objectives within agreed parameters and according to project acceptance. It is constrained to a finite time scale and within budget. Project management also involves identifying and managing risks, careful resources … Read more

Bearing capacity of soils; types of bearing capacity & factors influencing bearing capacity

Introduction The deformation of soil is a natural and physical phenomenon. Civil Engineering structures built on soils such as buildings, dams, bridges, roads, rails, etc. transmit load over a large area of soil through foundations or substructures. Soil tends to deform with the settlement or fail in shear. Therefore, the resistance to deformation of the … Read more

Introduction to Clay Minerals: Clay Particle interaction and Soil Structure

1.1 Clay Minerals: The geometrical arrangement of soil particle in a soil mass is known as soil structure. The ingredient necessary to give soil deposit cohesion is called clay material. Over 50% of soil deposits whose particle diameter is 0.002 mm or less is called clay. Clay mineral are composed of tiny crystalline substance of … Read more

Soil Identification and it’s Classification: Particle size, Textural, ISCS, USCS, and AASHTHO soil classification system

1.1 Purpose of soil classification: Soil classification is the arrangement of soils into different groups such that the soil in a particular group have similar behavior. Requirement for soil classification It should have a limited number of groups. It should be based on engineering properties. It should be simple. 1.2 Field identification of soil 1. … Read more

Solid-Water-Air Relation and Index properties of soil and their determination for coarse and fine grained soil

1.1 Phase Diagram, basic definition & functional relationship Soil mass consists of solid soil particles containing void space between them. Space between the soil particles is known as void and these void is filled with either air or water or both. The diagrammatic representation of the different phases in a soil mass is called phase … Read more

Definition of soil mechanics and its importance in civil engineering: Formation process of soil and its major types

1.1 Definition of soil and rock Soil are the uncemented aggregate of mineral and decayed organic matter containing liquid and gas in the empty space of solid particles. Types of soil : Residual soil: A soil is said to be residual if it is formed by disintegration of rocks without transportation. Transported soil: A soil … Read more